City Travel, a division of
e-Commerce Technology Inc,
is the official agency to
handle your travel logistics
for Summer & Winter Games.
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Trip 2008 - Sports
(The information below may contain errors and incompleteness. It is for your reference only)
| Aquatics |
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The founding of the Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) in 1908 was a pragmatic response to an increase in international sporting events, crowned by the Olympic Games. At the first modern Olympics in 1896, three swimming contests were held. However, no universally accepted rules, regulations or definitions governed the swimming events.
Priority decisions or goals were clear: to standardise the rules for swimming, diving and water polo; to obtain control of world records and to maintain an up-to-date list of these records; and finally, to ensure the direction of Olympic Games competitions for swimming, diving and water polo.
| Diving |
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• 10m platform Men
• 10m platform Women
• 3m springboard Women
• 3m springboard Men
• synchronized diving 10m platform Men
• synchronized diving 10m platform Women
• synchronized diving 3m springboard Women
• synchronized diving 3m springboard Men
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| Swimming |
• 100m backstroke Men
• 100m backstroke Women
• 100m breaststroke Women
• 100m breaststroke Men
• 100m butterfly Men
• 100m butterfly Women
• 100m freestyle Women
• 100m freestyle Men
• 1500m freestyle Men
• 200m backstroke Men
• 200m backstroke Women
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• 200m breaststroke Women
• 200m breaststroke Men
• 200m butterfly Men
• 200m butterfly Women
• 200m freestyle Women
• 200m freestyle Men
• 200m individual medley Men
• 200m individual medley Women
• 400m freestyle Women
• 400m freestyle Men
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• 400m individual medley Men
• 400m individual medley Women
• 4x100m freestyle relay Women
• 4x100m freestyle relay Men
• 4x100m medley relay Men
• 4x100m medley relay Women
• 4x200m freestyle relay Women
• 4x200m freestyle relay Men
• 50m freestyle Men
• 50m freestyle Women
• 800m freestyle Women
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| Synchronized Swimming |
• duet Women
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• team Women
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| Water polo |
• water polo Men
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• water polo Women
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| Archery |
Archery was a feature of the Olympic Games several times from 1900 to 1920, but then disappeared for more than 50 years. It reappeared at Munich in 1972 and has remained a fixture ever since.
• individual (FITA Olympic round - 70m) Men
• individual (FITA Olympic round - 70m) Women
• team (FITA Olympic round - 70m) Women
• team (FITA Olympic round - 70m) Men
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| Athletics |
Athletics is, in many ways, the embodiment of the Olympic motto, "Citius, Altius, Fortius", meaning faster, higher, stronger.
Athletics (or track and field) is about running faster, jumping higher and throwing further than your competitors. The ancient Games at Olympia began simply with foot races, only occasionally complicated by dressing the runners in infantry armour or making them carry soldiers' shields. Today, athletics remains one of the most popular Olympic sports. From the 100m dash to the 42.195km marathon, from the hammer throw to the high jump, it contains many of the Olympic Games' blue-ribbon events and many of the highest-profile competitors.
• 10000m Men
• 10000m Women
• 100m Women
• 100m Men
• 100m hurdles Women
• 110m hurdles Men
• 1500m Men
• 1500m Women
• 200m Women
• 200m Men
• 20km road walk Men
• 20km road walk Women
• 3000m Women
• 3000m steeplechase Men
• 400m Men
• 400m Women
• 400m hurdles Women
• 400m hurdles Men
• 4x100m relay Men
• 4x100m relay Women
• discus throw Men
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• 4x400m relay Men
• 4x400m relay Women
• 5000m Men
• 5000m Women
• 50km road walk Men
• 800m Women
• 800m Men
• hammer throw Women
• hammer throw Men
• high jump Women
• high jump Men
• javelin throw Men
• javelin throw Women
• heptathlon Women
• decathlon Men
• high jump Women
• high jump Men
• javelin throw Men
• javelin throw Women
• long jump Women
• long jump Men
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• discus throw Women
• marathon Men
• marathon Women
• pole vault Women
• pole vault Men
• shot put Men
• shot put Women
• triple jump Women
• triple jump Men
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| Badminton |
While contemporary badminton first appeared in the mid-19th century, it evolved from the game battledore and shuttlecock, which can be traced back to ancient Greece, China, Japan and India.
Especially popular in Asia and Europe today, badminton became a full competition sport at the Olympic Games in 1992.
• doubles Men
• doubles Women
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• singles Women
• singles Men
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• doubles Mixed
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| Baseball |
Baseball's stature in the history of the United States is perhaps reflected more clearly in a simple dictionary rather than in the seven-centimetre-thick baseball encyclopaedia.
American baseball became a full medal sport in Barcelona in 1992.
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| Basketball |
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For 36 years after basketball entered the Olympic Games as a full medal sport for men, the question was not who would win, but who would finish second. The United States owned the game, and not just because it was invented there.
• basketball Men
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• basketball Women
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| Boxing |
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Boxing ranks among the Olympic Games' most illustrious sports.
When it first arrived in the Ancient Olympic Games, the tools of the trade were long strips of leather wrapped around boxers' fists. The fight continued until one man or the other went down or conceded.
When the modern Games resumed in 1896, the Athens organising committee omitted boxing, deciding it was too dangerous. The sport reappeared in 1904 in St. Louis, thanks to its popularity in the United States, then disappeared again in 1912 at Stockholm because Sweden's national law banned it.
Only in 1920 did boxing return to the Olympic Games to stay. Hence, Muhammad Ali
(Cassius Clay at the time) and Teofilo Stevenson (a three-time gold medallist) could
join names like Theagenes of Thassos and Cleitomachus of Thebes among the legends.
• + 91kg (super heavyweight) Men
• - 48kg (light-flyweight) Men
• 48 - 51kg (flyweight) Men
• 51 - 54kg (bantamweight) Men
• 54 - 57kg (featherweight) Men
• 57 - 60kg (lightweight) Men
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• 60 - 63.5kg (light-welterweight) Men
• 63.5 - 67kg (welterweight) Men
• 67 - 71kg (light-middleweight) Men
• 71 - 75kg (middleweight) Men
• 75 - 81kg (light-heavyweight) Men
• 81 - 91kg (heavyweight) Men
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| Canoe/kayak |
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The history of the canoe and kayak has been traced back thousands of years to when natives used these craft to hunt, fish and travel. Canoes were used mainly by the native North and South American Indians along with the Polynesian islanders of the Pacific. They were propelled through the water by single-bladed paddles usually made from wood.
Canoe and kayak became a full competition sport at the Olympic Games in 1936.
| Canoe / Kayak Flatwater |
• C-1 1000m (canoe single) Men
• C-1 500m (canoe single) Men
• C-2 1000m (canoe double) Men
• C-2 500m (canoe double) Men
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• K-1 1000m (kayak single) Men
• K-1 500m (kayak single) Men
• K-1 500m (kayak single) Women
• K-2 1000m (kayak double) Men
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• K-2 500m (kayak double) Men
• K-2 500m (kayak double) Women
• K-4 1000m (kayak four) Men
• K-4 500m (kayak four) Women
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| Canoe / Kayak Slalom |
• C-1 (canoe single) Men
• C-2 (canoe double) Men
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• K-1 (kayak single) Women
• K-1 (kayak single) Men
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| Cycling |
In 1885, J.K. Starley of England devised the more modern bike with a chain and gearing to allow the wheels to be of equal size. Although bicycle races had been held on the old "penny farthings", the new bikes stimulated the growth of bicycle racing as a sport.
Cycling at the Olympics features three exciting disciplines: road, track and mountain biking.
| Cycling Road |
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• individual road race Men
• individual road race Women
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• individual time trial Women
• individual time trial Men
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| Cycling Track |
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• 1km time trial Men
• 500m time trial Women
• individual pursuit (3000m) Women
• individual pursuit (4000m) Men
• keirin Men
• madison Men
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• olympic sprint Men
• points race Men
• points race Women
• sprint Women
• sprint Men
• team pursuit (4000m) Men
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| Mountain Bike |
• cross-country Men
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• cross-country Women
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| Equestrian |
Equestrian events were included in the Olympic Games for the first time in 1900 and then in 1912, in a format very similar to that which will be used at the Athens 2004 Olympic Games.
Equestrian consists of three disciplines: Jumping, Dressage and Eventing (Three-Day Event).
| Equestrian / Dressage |
• individual Mixed
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• team Mixed
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| Equestrian / Eventing |
• individual Mixed
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• team Mixed
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| Equestrian / Jumping |
• individual Mixed
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• team Mixed
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| Fencing |
Evolved from the ancient form of combat, fencing is one of only four sports that has been featured at every modern Olympic Games. It was the first to include recognised professionals in a medals competition after modern Olympic Games founder Pierre de Coubertin arranged special events for professional fencing "masters" in the original 1896 and 1900 competitions.
• épée individual Men
• épée individual Women
• épée team Men
• épée team Women
• sabre individual Men
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• foil individual Women
• foil individual Men
• foil team Men
• foil team Women
• sabre team Men
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| Football |
While the modern game of football started with the foundation of the Football Association of England in 1863, its roots extend to opposite ends of the earth. The ancient Chinese, Greeks and Romans played a similar game, long before English kings in the 1300s and 1400s were trying to outlaw the violent sport.
In 1900, football became one of the first team sports included in the Olympic Games. During the Sydney Games, the sport celebrated 100 years of Olympic football. Women's football was introduced at the 1996 Olympic Games, where the final attracted a world record crowd for a women's sporting event of 76,000 people.
• football Men
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• football Women
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| Gymnastics |
The Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG) was formed on 23 July 1881 when representatives of the gymnastics associations of Belgium, France and the Netherlands met in Liège. As a governing body it is held in high esteem by both its member federations and gymnastics clubs throughout five continents. In 1897, seventeen national associations joined together to form the basis of the European Gymnastics Federation. However, when the USA was admitted in 1921, the Committee changed its name to the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique or FIG, as it is known today.
FIG comprises three Olympic disciplines: artistic, rhythmic and trampoline.
| Artistic Gymnastics |
• beam Women
• floor exercises Women
• floor exercises Men
• horizontal bar Men
• team competition Men
• team competition Women
• uneven bars Women
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• individual all-around Men
• individual all-around Women
• parallel bars Men
• pommel horse Men
• rings Men
• vault Women
• vault Men
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| Rhythmic Gymnastics |
• group all-around competition Women
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• individual all-around competition Women
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| Trampoline |
• individual Men
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• individual Women
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| Handball |
The modern game of handball was first played towards the end of the 19th century in Denmark, Germany and Sweden.
After the men's game debuted on turf football fields at the 1936 Games in Berlin, the European-based sport next appeared in its present indoor form in 1972 at Munich. A women's division opened in 1976 and it has become one of the most highly attended Olympic sports.
• handball Men
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• handball Women
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| Hockey |
Hockey is the oldest known ball and stick game. Records exist of it having been played in Persia in 2000 BC. In medieval Europe, pictures of men playing a game with hooked sticks appear on stained-glass windows at both the Canterbury and Gloucester cathedrals. It became so popular by the Middle Ages that it was banned in England for a time because it interfered with the practice of archery, which was the basis for national defense. The name hockey probably derives from the French hocquet, or shepherd's crook, and refers to the crooked stick.
Hockey became a full competition sport at the Olympic Games in 1908.
• hockey Men
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• hockey Women
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| Judo |
Judo means "the gentle way" in Japanese. Of course, it is derived in part from jujitsu, the hand-to-hand combat technique of ancient samurai warriors, and everything is relative. While throwing opponents to the floor wins most matches, it is the only Olympic sport where submission holds allow choking an opponent or breaking an arm.
• + 100kg (heavyweight) Men
• + 78kg (heavyweight) Women
• - 48kg (extra-lightweight) Women
• - 60kg (extra-lightweight) Men
• 48 - 52kg (half-lightweight) Women
• 52 - 57kg (lightweight) Women
• 57 - 63kg (half-middleweight) Women
• 60 - 66kg (half-lightweight) Men
• 63 - 70kg (middleweight) Women
• 66 - 73kg (lightweight) Men
• 70 - 78kg (half-heavyweight) Women
• 73 - 81kg (half-middleweight) Men
• 81 - 90kg (middleweight) Men
• 90 - 100kg (half-heavyweight) Men
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| Modern Pentathlon |
The brainchild of Baron Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympic Games, the event was based upon the unlucky officer and introduced into the Stockholm Games of 1912. Only remotely resembling the ancient pentathlon inspired by the warmongering Spartans, modern pentathletes shoot, fence, swim, compete in show jumping and run - five events testing endurance as well as athletic versatility.
• individual competition Men
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• individual competition Women
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| Rowing |
Rowing is an endurance test that finishes at a speed of up to 10
metres a second. Crews cover the middle 1000 metres at about 40 strokes per minute, but, over the first and last 500 metres, shift up a gear to as many as 47.
• coxless four (4-) Men
• coxless pair (2-) Men
• coxless pair (2-) Women
• double sculls (2x) Women
• double sculls (2x) Men
• quadruple sculls (4x) Women
• quadruple sculls (4x) Men
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• eight with coxswain (8+) Men
• eight with coxswain (8+) Women
• lightweight coxless four (4-) Men
• lightweight double sculls (2x) Men
• lightweight double sculls (2x) Women
• single sculls (1x) Men
• single sculls (1x) Women
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| Sailing |
Sailing first became an Olympic sport in Paris in 1900, where time handicaps were used to adjudicate the race. The race format and the classes of competing boats have changed frequently since then. Olympic racing is now conducted with boats categorised into one-design classes based on similar weights and measurements.
• board (Mistral) Men
• board (Mistral) Women
• double-handed dinghy (470) Men
• double-handed dinghy (470) Women
• fleet/match race keelboat open (Soling) Mixed
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• high performance dinghy open (49er) Mixed
• multihull open (Tornado) Mixed
• single-handed dinghy (Europe) Women
• single-handed dinghy (Finn) Men
• single-handed dinghy open (Laser) Mixed
• two-person keelboat open (Star) Mixed
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| Shooting |
From just three shooting events at the 1896 Olympic Games to 17 today, the sport has grown steadily. In part this leap can be ascribed to advances in the technology of firearms and equipment, which have led to constant changes in the shooting competition. But it can also be ascribed to the passion shooters have for their sport.
• 10m air pistol (40 shots) Women
• 10m air pistol (60 shots) Men
• 10m air rifle (40 shots) Women
• 10m air rifle (60 shots) Men
• 10m running target (30+30 shots) Men
• 25m pistol (30+30 shots) Women
• 25m rapid fire pistol (60 shots) Men
• 50m pistol (60 shots) Men
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• 50m rifle 3 positions (3x20 shots) Women
• 50m rifle 3 positions (3x40 shots) Men
• 50m rifle prone (60 shots) Men
• double trap (120 targets) Women
• double trap (150 targets) Men
• skeet (125 targets) Men
• skeet (75 targets) Women
• trap (125 targets) Men
• trap (75 targets) Women
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| Softball |
softball batters have essentially the same time to react as their baseball counterparts. The only difference being the size; a softball is 30.4cm (12 inches) in circumference and a baseball is 22.8cm (9 inches).
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| Table Tennis |
The game, which debuted in the Olympic Games in 1988 at Seoul, began with cigar-box lids for rackets and a carved champagne cork for a ball. Today, players use specially developed rubber-coated wooden and carbon-fibre rackets and a lightweight, hollow celluloid ball. Various rubber compounds and glues are applied on the rackets to impart greater spin or speed.
• doubles Men
• doubles Women
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• singles Women
• singles Men
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| Taekwondo |
Various Korean forms of martial arts have existed but in the early 20th century, taekwondo became the dominant form. In 1955 a group of Korean martial arts leaders chose taekwondo as the definitive Korean martial art in an attempt to promote its development internationally. Korean general Choi Hong-Hi was designated as the official founder of taekwondo.
Taekwondo became a full competition sport at the Olympic Games in 2000.
• + 67kg Women
• + 80kg Men
• - 49kg Women
• - 58kg Men
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• 49 - 57kg Women
• 57 - 67kg Women
• 58 - 68kg Men
• 68 - 80kg Men
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| Tennis |
Tennis became a full competition sport at the Olympic Games in 1896. Tennis was dropped from the Olympic programme after 1924 amid turmoil over such issues as where to draw the line between amateurism and professionalism, and it didn't return as a medal sport until 1988. Today, Olympic competition includes men's and women's singles and men's and women's doubles.
• doubles Men
• doubles Women
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• singles Women
• singles Men
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| Triathlon |
The first triathlon was held in the south-western United States city of San Diego in 1974, in many ways an outgrowth of the California jogging craze. The ultimate endurance test, it requires athletes to excel at three very different pursuits - swimming, cycling and running. The sport demands particularly intense discipline because each area requires a high-level training schedule.
Triathlon became a full competition sport at the Olympic Games in 2000.
• individual Men
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• individual Women
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| Volleyball |
Volleyball, like basketball, is a sport whose origin is known almost to the day. Oddly enough, both sports were invented at the same college and within a few years of one another. Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, a student at Springfield College and a director of the YMCA at Holyoke, Massachusetts. The game was originally called "Mintonette".
Volleyball quickly spread around the world and became more popular in other countries than in the United States. The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) was formed in 1946. The sport was introduced to the Olympics in 1964 by the Japanese, although it was never contested as a demonstration sport at the Olympics.
Volleyball has now reached great heights of popularity in the United States and Brazil, largely thanks to the discipline of beach volleyball.
The beach volleyball phenomenon, although hugely visible, is still just in its infancy. From the first FIVB World Tour event just over ten years ago, to the overwhelming spectator and television success of 'Beach' at the Atlanta 1996 and Sydney 2000 Olympic Games, beach volleyball has opened up Volleyball to a completely new market.
| Beach volleyball |
• beach volleyball Men
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• beach volleyball Women
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| Volleyball |
• volleyball Men
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• volleyball Women
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| Weightlifting |
Weightlifting is a simple sport. Lift the bar with the most weight, you win. Drop the bar, you lose. The thing is, the bar can weigh up to 260 kilograms - equivalent to lifting a cow above your head and holding it until a panel of judges say you are standing still, with the weight controlled and your feet in line.
Men's weightlifting was part of the first modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896 and became a fixture in 1920.
• + 105kg, total Men
• + 75kg, total Women
• - 48kg, total Women
• - 56kg, total Men
• 48 - 53kg, total Women
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• 53 - 58kg, total Women
• 56 - 62kg, total Men
• 58 - 63kg, total Women
• 62 - 69kg, total Men
• 63 - 69kg, total Women
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• 69 - 75kg, total Women
• 69 - 77kg, total Men
• 77 - 85kg, total Men
• 85 - 94kg, total Men
• 94 - 105kg, total Men
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| Wrestling |
The sport would return in a similar role when the Olympic Games returned after a 1500-year absence in 1896. Organisers, seeking direct links to ancient times, found a natural in the sport that had enjoyed popularity across much of the ancient world, from Greece, Assyria and Babylon to India, China and Japan. They resurrected Greco-Roman wrestling, a style they believed to be an exact carryover from the Greek and Roman wrestlers of old.
In 1904, the Olympic Games added the second wrestling event and called it "freestyle". Now, wrestlers could use their legs for pushing, lifting and tripping, and they could hold opponents above or below the waist.
| Wrestling Freestyle |
• 48 - 54kg Men
• 54 - 58kg Men
• 57 - 63kg (featherweight) Men
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• 63 - 69kg Men
• 69 - 76kg Men
• 76 - 85kg Men
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• 85 - 97kg Men
• 97 - 130kg Men
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| Wrestling Greco-Roman |
• 48 - 54kg Men
• 54 - 58kg Men
• 58 - 63kg Men
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• 63 - 69kg Men
• 69 - 76kg Men
• 76 - 85kg Men
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• 85 - 97kg Men
• 97 - 130kg Men
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